Dr. Gottman has named the most
corrosive negative behavior patterns, “The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.”
Specifically, these are:
Criticism: stating one’s complaints as a defect in one’s partner’s
personality, i.e., giving the partner negative trait attributions. Example:
“You always talk about yourself. You are so selfish.”
Contempt: statements that come from a relative position of
superiority. Contempt is the greatest predictor of divorce and must be
eliminated. Example: “You’re an idiot.”
Defensiveness: self-protection in the form of righteous indignation
or innocent victim-hood. Defensiveness wards off a perceived attack. Example:
“It’s not my fault that we’re always late; it’s your fault.”
Stonewalling: emotional withdrawal from interaction. Example: The
listener does not give the speaker the usual nonverbal signals that the
listener is “tracking” the speaker.
These predict early divorcing –
an average of 5.6 years after the wedding. Emotional withdrawal and anger
predict later divorcing – an average of 16.2 years after the wedding.
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